A motion for leave is a motion filed in court which asks the court to consider allowing the filer of the motion to depart from the established procedures of the court, most classically procedures setting out specific timeframes which must be followed when filing documents and making motions. For example, a motion for leave might ask the court to accept a document after the filing deadline.
The decision to grant a motion for leave is at the discretion of the court. The subject of the request is not a right under the law and the court can determine that it should not be granted, given the available information. The motion usually presents information which is designed to be compelling for the court. The judge weighs the information and makes a determination, which may be offered with an opinion explaining why the motion was denied or approved.
Judges are allowed considerable discretion on the bench. While they cannot make rulings which violate the law and they must follow the rules of the court, the rules do provide room for judges to make decisions about how matters should proceed. This is done with the understanding that every trial is different and it is impossible to come up with rules for every occasion. If judges were bound by utterly inflexible rules, miscarriages of justice might result.
Essentially, this type of motion asks permission to do something. The court considers what is being asked, why the request is being made, and what the outcome of denial or approval will be. For instance, someone may file a motion for leave asking for permission to file an amicus brief after the deadline has expired. The judge may determine that the brief includes important information which is highly relevant to the trial, and thus that the motion should be granted. On the other hand, the judge might argue that the brief contains no substantially new material and thus there is no benefit to granting the motion.
Like other legal motions, a motion for leave is sometimes used as a stalling tactic. While the motion is being considered, court cannot proceed, and this may buy time to work on an aspect of a case. Judges are well aware of this and may frown upon lawyers who try to use too many stalling tactics in the course of a trial. In the United States, this can interfere with the Constitutionally guaranteed right to a speedy trial.
What Is a Motion for Leave To Amend?
Any court filing becomes a record, and you're limited to the information presented in that filing. So what happens if you, or your attorney, forgot an important detail or incorrectly stated something that will affect your ability to win the case?
If it is a newly filed complaint in a lawsuit, it can be amended at any time before the other party has been served. Likewise, if you are responding to a complaint, it can be amended without special request before the case has been entered on the trial calendar. However, if you have gone past these events and realize your filing needs to be altered, you have to file a motion for leave to amend.
This is a special request to the judge asking to change, or amend, the original filing. Alternately, you may ask other party or parties for consent to change the filing. If they agree, there is no need for the judge's permission.
However, frequently the other party or parties will not want you to gain any advantage. If they deny their consent, you will need to request leave from the judge to amend your pleading. This is done by filing a motion and making an oral argument as to why amending your first filing best serves justice. Usually, the judge grants leave, and you can amend your pleading to include the information you need.
What Is a Motion for Leave To Appeal?
Your case is over and you lost. If you feel that the judge made an error, you can appeal. This moves your case to a higher court, where you will be able to argue why the decision was wrong. You need a demonstrable error on the trial judge's part as grounds for your appeal and the documentation to prove it, or the appellate court will not hear it.
First, the higher court must obtain jurisdiction over your case. Therefore, you must request its permission by filing a motion for leave to appeal. The appellate court will consider your motion to determine if you have the right to appeal.
It is best for your case if you pointed out the judge's mistake when he or she made it by objecting during the trial. This objection with substantiating point preserves your record, giving the higher court reason to allow you leave to file the appeal. Each state has a required time limit for a request, and you must file within the days given.
What Is a Motion for Leave To File?
There are rules of procedure that govern all filings in legal matters. Because the judge can grant or deny any motion, it is essential to carefully follow the court's rules. Any motion for leave requests a judge to permit something not typically allowed. For example, a motion for leave to file usually occurs when the party answering has not done so during the time allowed. Standard court procedure would allow the judge to rule on behalf of a complainant who didn't receive the answer in the time permitted.
However, suppose a person is being sued but was incapacitated and unable to answer the lawsuit during the allotted timeframe. In that case, he or she may file a motion for leave to file. This would involve seeking the judge's permission to file an answer to the original complaint late.
Although there is much judicial precedent for granting a request like this, it is not guaranteed. Your reason for not correctly filing must be legitimate. Even then, if you seek the court's allowance because of a breach of protocol, please remember that it is entirely up to the judge's discretion to grant your motion.
